Analaysis of systems

Through out any type of excercise (long/short term) all 3 of your systems works. Your cardiovascular system, respiratory system and musculo-skeletal system.

When you first start to excercise the short term affects are your breathing to become slightly faster and your heart rate to become slightly faster, but your muscles don't heat up because you're not excercising enough for the friciton to work in between your joints and muscles.
Your heart beats slightly faster because your body is putting in that little bit of extra force to do excercise. So your heart has to try and keep up with speed. This is benificial because when your heart is beating faster more blood is pumping around your body, this enables you to keep up with yourself and your excercise.
You breath slightly faster because your lungs are taking in more oxygen and your diaghpram and inter-costal expand more. The more they expand the more amount of air a person will be able to breath in. Breathing helps the muscles work for longer because oxygen travels too the musles while you excercise.

The long term affects of your breathing is that when you breath, your inter-costal muscles and diaphragm expand. When you excercise they expand much more because your taking in bigger breaths. The reason your taking in bigger breaths is because your heart is moving at a faster rate because of the amount of excercise you do, so your whole body has to keep up with that.
Long term affects of your heart rate also increases our heart size and also increases its strength when you excercise it. The stroke volume of the heart gets higher as well because it's much stronger than before, which will give you less chance of suffering from a heart attack or stroke.
The more you excercise the stronger your bones become including all the layers of your bone; bone marrow, compact bone, cancellous (spongy) bone and the bone marrow. When your bones get stronger it prevents from injuring your self badly if you were in an accident.